Map of Indian Territory, C.S.A. (1861)
(Image property of Hans K. Kirsch.)

     Due in part to the many years of mistreatment by the U.S. Government, the Five Civilized Tribes of the Indian Territory: the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole, aligned themselves with the Confederacy in the summer of 1861. Subsequently, Elias Cornelius Boudinot (Cherokee), Robert McDonald Jones (Choctaw), And Samuel Benton Callahan (Creek & Seminole) were selected as their Territorial Representatives to the Confederate Congress. Treaties of friendship were also made with the Comanche, Osage, Quapaw, Seneca, Shawnee and Wichita.

     Many Indians volunteered to be soldiers, and fought bravely in defense of the Confederacy and their own interests as well. Under Brig. Gen. Stand Watie (12 December 1806-09 September 1871), a Cherokee Chief, these men were among the last Confederates to surrender. Following the war, many who directly assisted the South were forced to cede their lands to the Federal Government for future white settlement.

Tribal Treaties and Secession Related Documents

North Fork Articles of Confederation-Allied the people of the Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole Nations with each other, and the Confederacy.

Declaration of Causes of the Cherokee Nation-The Cherokee Nation's reasons for making an alliance with the Confederacy.

Resolutions Of The Choctaw Nation-The Choctaw Nation's reasons for making an alliance with the Confederacy.